2003), and mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei: Rosenbaum et al. Lethal aggression can also occur between mature individuals of the same species during male mating competition, as in lions ( Panthera leo: Mosser and Packer 2009), white-faced capuchins ( Cebus capucinus: Gros-Louis et al. ![]() 2016), most notably in the case of infanticide ( Hrdy 1979). In many mammal species, aggression against conspecifics can become deadly ( Gómez et al. This event highlighted the limits on protection afforded by long-term familiarity and the constraints on costly cooperation among male chimpanzees.Īcross vertebrate species, individuals fight for access to territories, mating opportunities, and food resources. Several western females joined in the second attack we suggest that female–female competition contributed to the fission. Other central males present at the start of the second attack fled, and others nearby did not come to the scene. The second was a high-ranking male that had often associated with the western subgroup before 2017 he groomed regularly with males there and formed coalitions with several. The first victim was a young adult male that never had strong social ties with his attackers. Here, we describe two subsequent lethal coalitionary attacks by chimpanzees of the new western community on males of the now separate central community, one in 2018 and the second in 2019. Members of a large western subgroup gradually ceased associating peacefully with the rest of the community and started behaving antagonistically toward them. A second permanent fission recently transpired at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. ![]() They followed the only observed case of a permanent community fission in chimpanzees. However, the first observed cases of lethal violence in chimpanzees, which occurred at Gombe, Tanzania in the 1970s, involved chimpanzees that once knew each other. Most lethal aggression occurs between groups, where coalitions of male chimpanzees occasionally kill members of neighboring communities that are strangers. Many animals engage in aggression, but chimpanzees stand out in terms of fatal attacks against adults of their own species.
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